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Robert Jonathan Demme ( ; February 22, 1944 – April 26, 2017) was an American filmmaker, whose career directing, producing, and screenwriting spanned more than 30 years and 70 feature films, documentaries, and television productions. He was an and a Directors Guild of America Award winner, and received nominations for a , a Golden Globe Award, and three Independent Spirit Awards.

Beginning his career under producer , Demme made his directorial debut with the 1974 women-in-prison film , before becoming known for his casually humanist films such as Melvin and Howard (1980), Swing Shift (1984), Something Wild (1986), and Married to the Mob (1988). His 1991 psychological horror film The Silence of the Lambs, based on the novel of the same title, won five , including Best Director and Best Picture.

His subsequent films earned similar acclaim, notably the HIV/AIDS-themed drama Philadelphia (1993), the supernatural Beloved (1998), the conspiracy thriller The Manchurian Candidate (2004), and the independent drama Rachel Getting Married (2008). Demme also directed numerous concert films such as Stop Making Sense (1984), (2006), and Justin Timberlake + The Tennessee Kids (2016), and worked on several television series as both a producer and director.


Early life
Demme was born on February 22, 1944, in Baldwin, New York, the son of Dorothy Louise ( Rogers) and Robert Eugene Demme, a public relations executive. He was raised in Rockville Centre, New York and , where he graduated from Southwest Miami High School before attending the University of Florida.


Career

Early films
Demme broke into feature film working for exploitation film producer early in his career, co-writing and producing Angels Hard as They Come (1971), a motorcycle movie very loosely based on , and The Hot Box (1972). He then moved on to directing three films for Corman's studio New World Pictures: (1974), (1975), and Fighting Mad (1976). After Fighting Mad, Demme directed the comedy film Handle with Care (originally titled Citizens Band, 1977) for Paramount Pictures. The film was well received by critics, but received little promotion, and performed poorly at the box office. He also directed a 1978 episode of Columbo.

Demme's next film, Melvin and Howard (1980), did not get a , but received a groundswell of critical acclaim and film award recognition, including Academy Award nominations, winning two of its three nominations (Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress – , and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay – ). This acclaim led to the signing of Demme to direct the and Swing Shift (1984). Intended as a prestige picture for Warner Bros. as well as a major commercial vehicle for Demme, it instead became a troubled production due to the conflicting visions of Demme and star Hawn. Demme ended up renouncing the finished product, and when the film was released in May 1984, it was generally panned by critics and neglected by moviegoers. After Swing Shift, Demme stepped back from Hollywood to make the Stop Making Sense (also 1984) which won the National Society of Film Critics Award for best documentary; the eclectic screwball action-romantic comedy Something Wild (1986); a film-version of the stage production Swimming to Cambodia (1987), by monologist ; and the New York Mafia-by-way-of Downtown comedy Married to the Mob (1988).

Demme formed his production company, Clinica Estetico, with producers and in 1987. They were based out of New York City for fifteen years.


Later films
Demme won the Academy Award for The Silence of the Lambs (1991)—one of only three films to win all the major categories (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Actor, and Best Actress). Inspired by his friend Juan Suárez Botas's illness with AIDS and fueled by his own moral convictions, Demme then used his influence to make Philadelphia (1993), one of the first major films to address the AIDS crisis and which garnered star his first Best Actor Oscar. He also co-directed (with his nephew ) the music video for Bruce Springsteen's Best Song Oscar-winning "Streets of Philadelphia" from the film's soundtrack. Jonathan used several of the same actors for both movies.

Subsequently, his films included an adaptation of 's Beloved (1998), and remakes of two films from the 1960s: The Truth About Charlie (2002), based on Charade, that starred in the role; and The Manchurian Candidate (2004), with Denzel Washington and . Demme's documentary film Man from Plains (2007), a documentary about former U.S. President 's promotional tour publicizing his book , had its premiere at the Venice Film Festival and Toronto International Film Festival.

His art-house hit Rachel Getting Married (2008) was compared by many critics to Demme's films of the late 1970s and 1980s. It was included in many 2008 "best of" lists, and received numerous awards and nominations, including an nomination for Best Actress by lead . In 2010, Demme made his first foray into theater, directing Family Week, a play by . The play was produced by and co-starred and Kathleen Chalfant.

At one time, Demme was signed on to direct, produce, and write an adaptation of 's sci-fi novel 11/22/63, but later left the project due to disagreements with King on what should be included in the script.

He returned to the concert documentary format with Justin Timberlake + the Tennessee Kids (2016), which he described as a "performance film, but also a portrait of an artist at a certain moment in the arc of his career", and his last project was a history of rock & roll for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame compiled from footage from Hall of Fame induction ceremonies set to debut in summer 2017.

Demme directed music videos for artists such as , New Order, 's H.E.A.L. project and Bruce Springsteen. He also produced a compilation of Haitian music called Konbit: Burning Rhythms of Haiti that was released in 1989. ( selected Konbit... as one of his 'picks of 1989'). , March 8, 1990

Demme was on the board of directors at Jacob Burns Film Center in Pleasantville, New York. In addition to his role on the board, he curated and hosted a monthly series called Rarely Seen Cinema.


Style
Throughout 1986–2004, Demme was known for his dramatic close-ups in films. This style of close-ups involves the character looking directly into the camera during crucial moments. According to Demme, this was done to put the viewer into the character's shoes. Beginning with Rachel Getting Married (2008), Demme adopted a documentary style of filmmaking.

He was known for his use of recurring supporting players, including Charles Napier, , , , , , Paul Lazar, , , Obba Babatundé, , Paul Le Mat, , , , and his former producer , as well as casting musicians and bands in roles. These included , , , , , Steve Scales, the Flirtations, Manno Charlemagne, , , , , and . In addition to Corman, Demme cast a number of other fellow directors in cameos, including , Agnès Varda, George A. Romero, , and . Many of these performers received opening credits billing in films they appeared in, despite sometimes having only one or two lines.

Writer/director Paul Thomas Anderson has paid homage to Demme in his films and has cited him as a major influence in his work. In an interview, Anderson jokingly stated that the three filmmakers who inspired him the most are "Jonathan Demme, Jonathan Demme and Jonathan Demme." Other directors such as and have been known to be inspired by his close-ups in their own work.


Political activism
Demme was involved in various political projects. In 1981, he directed a series of commercials for the liberal advocacy group People for the American Way. The spots, titled "Eggs", "Music", and "Sports", were produced by and featured , , and celebrating Freedom of Expression. In 1985, he directed a video for Artists United Against Apartheid. The short, featured various international musicians including , Rubén Blades, , , Little Steven, Run–D.M.C., and Bruce Springsteen, calling for a boycott of the South African luxury resort Sun City during . His documentary Haiti Dreams of Democracy (1988) captured Haiti's era of democratic rebuilding after dictatorship, while his documentary (2008) profiled Haitian journalist and human rights activist . Demme spent six years on the documentary I'm Carolyn Parker (2011), which highlighted rebuilding efforts in Lower Ninth Ward after Hurricane Katrina.


Personal life
Demme was married twice. His first marriage to Evelyn Purcell ended in divorce. In 1987, he married artist Joanne Howard, with whom he had three children. He was the uncle of film director , who died in 2002. Demme's cousin was the Rev. Robert Wilkinson Castle Jr., an Episcopal priest who appeared in some of Demme's films.

Demme was a member of the steering committee of the Friends of the Apollo Theater, Oberlin, Ohio, along with and . In 2013, he returned to Oberlin as part of an alumni reunion during the class of 2013 graduation ceremony and received the award for Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts.

In 2009, Demme signed a petition in support of director , who had been detained while traveling to a film festival in relation to his 1977 sexual abuse charges, which the petition argued would undermine the tradition of film festivals as a place for works to be shown "freely and safely", and that arresting filmmakers traveling to neutral countries could open the door "for actions of which no-one can know the effects."

Demme was an avid collector and devotee of , in particular of - so much so that he called it "an addiction". In 2014, he held an auction in Philadelphia selling thousands from his collection, much of which was donated to a cultural center in .


Death
Demme died at his home in on April 26, 2017, from complications from esophageal cancer and heart disease; he was 73.

Director dedicated his 2018 film to Demme's memory, as did with his 2018 film Suspiria and Paul Thomas Anderson with his 2017 film starring . Demme is thanked in the credits of 's 2020 concert film American Utopia starring . The album A Beginner's Mind by musicians and Angelo De Augustine is dedicated to Demme, with one of its songs, "Cimmerian Shade", mentioning him and referencing The Silence of the Lambs within its lyrics.


Filmography
+Narrative features !Year !Title !Distribution
1974New World Pictures
1975
1976Fighting Mad20th Century Fox
1977Handle with CareParamount Pictures
1979
1980Melvin and HowardUniversal Pictures
1984Swing ShiftWarner Bros.
1986Something Wild
1988Married to the Mob
1991The Silence of the Lambs
1993Philadelphia
1998BelovedBuena Vista Pictures
2002The Truth About CharlieUniversal Pictures
2004The Manchurian CandidateParamount Pictures
2008Rachel Getting MarriedSony Pictures Classics
2013A Master BuilderAbramorama
2015Ricki and the FlashSony Pictures Releasing


Awards and nominations

+Awards and nominations received by Demme's films ! rowspan="2"Year ! rowspan="2"Title ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"Academy Awards ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"BAFTA Awards ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"Golden Globe Awards
1980Melvin and Howard32 41
1984Swing Shift1 1
1986Something Wild 3
1988Married to the Mob1 1
1991The Silence of the Lambs759251
1993Philadelphia521 32
1998Beloved1
2004The Manchurian Candidate 1 1
2008Rachel Getting Married1 1
Total !19 !9 !11 !2 !19 !4

Directed Academy Award Performances

Academy Award for Best Actor
1991The Silence of the Lambs
1993Philadelphia
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1980Melvin and Howard
1988Married to the Mob
Academy Award for Best Actress
1991The Silence of the Lambs
2008Rachel Getting Married
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
1980Melvin and Howard
1984Swing Shift


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